Practices as regards alternative medicine can be based on the systems or nonscientific philosophies of belief. They can incorporate spiritual underpinnings, metaphysics, or monk, practices not tested, pre-modern medical traditions, or approaches lately developed with curative. If an alternative medical approach, previously of unproved according to scientific methodologies' or

Alternative education, also known as non-traditional education or alternative education, includes a number of approaches to teaching and learning other than mainstream or traditional education. Education alternatives are often rooted in various philosophies that are fundamentally different from those of mainstream or traditional education. While some have strong political, academic or philosophical orientations, others are more informal associations of teachers and students dissatisfied with certain aspects of the system or traditional education. The education of alternatives, which include charter schools, other schools, independent schools and home learning vary widely, but often emphasize the value of small class size, close relations between students and teachers, and a sense of community.